Muffler



July 17, 1934. J s, FLUQR, JR 1,966,620

MUFFLER Filed Nov. 26, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Inventor Jalzn SFlzmr Jn 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. s. FLUOR, JR

MUFFLER Filed Nov. 26, 1952 July 17, 1934.

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Patented July 17, 1934 UNITED STATES MUFFLER John 8. Floor, Jr., Los Angelea, Caliih, asaignor to The Floor Corporation, Ltd" Los Angeles, cum,

a corporation of California Application November 28, 1982, Serial No. 644,443

11 Claim.

This invention has reference to muiilers for internal combustion engines, the present type muilier being particularly, though by no means exclusively, adapted to use in connection with heavy stationary engines, for example 0! the compressor plant type. Mumers of this general type also comprise the subject matter 01 a copending application, Ser. No. 595,732, flied Feb. 29, 1932, by my father, John S. Fluor, Sr., and myself, entitled Muflier".

One of the principal objects of the invention is directed to improvements in muliiers of the type embodying an apertured gas passing pipe within the muflier shell, and sound absorptive material between the pipe apertures and the mullier shell, and particularly with reference to the arrangement of the sound insulating material relative to the shell and interior apertured pipe, Sound absorptive material has heretofore been used in generally similar types of mumers, but to the best of my knowledge, it has been customary to completely till the space between the muiller shell and the interior apertured pipe with the material so that while some muilllng, effect is obtained, the heat insulating capacity of the sound absorptive material is so high as to cause the metal parts 01 the muiller to deteriorate as a result of overheating, in a comparatively short time. In accordance with the invention, I space insulating material from the inner exhaust pipe so that the gases are required to pass through a surrounding air chamber before striking the material, and in so doing obtain the advantageous results of being able not only to prevent overheating, but to increase the effectiveness of the muilier in its sound deadening capacity. I also preferably space the insulating material from the wall 01' the shell to gain the principal advantage of preventing an overheating oi the latter. I

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved means for placing the sound insulating material within the muiller shell. I preferably form the material as an integral tubular liner, and so arrange the liner that it may be removed trom the shell when replacement becomes necessary. The use, in mulllers, of insulating material of this form, and the feature of being able to remove and replace the liner as a unit, are believed to be new in the art.

. A further important aspect of the invention resides in the provision of an improved system for cooling the muilier and exhaust pipe by air circulation. In accordance with my preferred form of the invention, I mount the mulller at the outside 55 o! the engine room and jacket the exhaust pipe and mullier with a conduit which extends with the exhaust pipe through a wall of the room. Cool air is supplied from the atmosphere, or room exterior, to the conduit so as to cool the exhaust pipe and mufller throughout their complete ex- 60 tents, that is from the point of connection or the exhaust pipe with the engine, to the muilier outlet. This type of mufller is particularly adapted for roof installations connecting with an engine having an overhead exhaust.

The above as well as additional features and objects of the invention, will be understood to best advantage from the following detailed description 01' certain typical and illustrative forms. Throughout the descriptionreference is-had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention in an air cooled muflie'r for roof installation;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the muiiler proper, 76 without the air jacket;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing a variational form of installation in which the muilier is connected with a horizontally extending exhaust pipe; and

4 is a transverse section on line 4-4 of In Fig. 1, the exhaust pipe 10 is shown to connect at 11 with the exhaust port or manifold of the engine 12 in room 13, the exhaust pipe passing 86 through an enlarged opening at 14 in wall 15 ot the room. This wall is here illustrated as the sloping root of the engine room although it is to be understood that in the broad aspects of the invention, the term wall is to be regarded as inclusive oi the sides as well as the root 0! the room, and that should the desirability arise, the exhaust pipe and surrounding pipeassemblies may be led through a side wall of the room, instead or the root. The illustrated form of installation, however, will generally be preferred in view of the fact that it is readily adaptable for connection with an engine having overhead exhaust.

The muiiier proper, generally indicated at 18, comprises a shell 1'1 having an annular bottom closure 18 bolted to flange 19 welded to the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe projects upwardly within the lower portion of the muiller shell, as indicated, and is provided with a plurality of apertures 20. In the broad aspects of the invention, the muilier may be regarded as a continuation oi the exhaust pipe. A baille 21, preterably oi irusto-conical shape, constricts to a large extent, the outlet of the exhaust pipe into t e ma e The upper end of the mumer shell is, closed by a plate 22 through which a pipe 23 extends, this pipe, in the case of the exhaust pipe, being apertured at 241 within the shell, and having at its inner end a downwardly tapering portion 25. As illustrated, the inner ends of the apertured pipes are spaced apart so as to pro-- vide within the mufiier shell, a chamber 26 allowing full expansion of the exhaust gases therein. Pipe 23 carries an extension 27 which preterably is tapered upwardly into the outlet throat of the stack, hereinafter described.

As shown more clearly on the enlarged scale of Fig. 2, a tubular liner 28 is placed within the muiiler shell, this liner being made of a suitable sound insulating material or composition capable of being formed into an integral tubular member. Sound absorptive liners made 01 asbestos and siliceous composition have proven satisfactory for this purpose. The liner is spaced at 29 from the shell and is held in spaced relation thereto by being inserted at the inside of bolts 30 which are welded to the inside of the shell 17. The end plates 18 and 22 of the mufher are held in place by nuts 31 threaded on the bolts 30. By removing end plate 22 from the shell, the liner 28 may be withdrawn from the latter. The provision of an integral tubular liner capable of being taken from the shell is of particular advantage in permitting the liner to be easily replaced when, for any reason, replacement may be found desirable.

As illustrated, the liner is spaced from the apertured portions of the pipes 10 and 23, and, as previously mentioned, the liner is also spaced from the wall oi the shell. In addition to a more efficient sound deadening eiiect being gained by so arranging the liner relative to the apertured pipes and the shell, a further advantage is gained in that by maintaining the sound insulating material out of contact with the apertured pipes and shell, deterioration of the latter w a result of overheating, is effectively prevented. As I have previously stated, sound insulating material heretofore has been placed in a muiiier shell in contact with an interior apertured pipe, but such arrangement has proven unsatisfactory for the reason that when maintained in engagement with the pipe, the sound insulating mate rial acts also as a heat insulator to cause over-- heating and burning out of the interior g'as passing pipe. The maintenance of an air space 29 between the liner and the shell has an advantage in addition to preventing overheating of the shell, in that the liner is rendered easily removable, without the possibility of its becoming lodged in the shell.

A stack 35, surrounding the mufiier and the upper portion of the exhaust pipe, is supported on the roof 15 by suitable means, such as legs 36, the stack also preferably being braced by one or more guys 37. The stack is spaced about the muffier at 38 to provide an annular channel through which air may be circulated in the manner hereinafter described. The upper portion of the muiiier shell is tapered to provide a constricted portion into which the exhaust gases from the muiiier outlet 27 are discharged, the effect of discharging the exhaust gases into the stack throat being to create an up-draft of air through space 38 around the mufiler. A pipe or conduit 39, annularly spaced about the exhaust pipe 10 as at 40, is attached to the wall of the stack by way of an interior ring 41, and extends down through the root opening at 14 to a point near the connection 1 1 between the exhaust pipe and the engine 12.

In order that the outlet pipe 27 at the upper end of the mufiler may be positioned relative to the throat 57 of thestaclc, to obtain the most effective up draft of air around the mufiier as a result of the discharge of exhaust gases within the stack throat, I preferably make pipe 27 adjustable on the apertured pipe 23. Pipe 27 is here shown to be placed over the upper end of the apertured pipe so as to be vertically adjustable thereon, and to be held in adjusted position by set screws 60. To permit ready access to pipe 27 for adjusting it, the upper portion 35a of the stack is formed as a hood which is slipped, as at 61, over the upper end of the lower cylindrical section, the hood being held in place by set screws 61a.

The mufller and exhaust pipe are supported within the stack by way of a mounting generally indicated at 43, and in a manner such that the mulller is capable of relative vertical, and preterably also lateral, movement within the stack. Broadly speaking, any suitable means may be employed for so supporting the muiller within the stack, the herein illustrated mounting being regarded as typical only. The mufller and exhaust pipe are vertically supported on an annular angle iron 44 welded to the interior of the stack, there being a pair of hanger rods 45 extending down through openings in the angle iron and having at their lower ends, eyes 45a journalling trunnions 4B projecting from opposite sides oi the mufller shell. The load on rods 45 is taken by springs 47 confined between angle iron 44 and nuts 48 on the upper ends of the rods. As the exhaust pipe 10 expands or con tracts as a result of changing temperature conditions, vertical movement of the muiiier within the stack is permitted by springs 47. Lateral movement of the murder, as might be desirable in alining the exhaust pipe for connection with the engine, is permitted by the muffler trunnions 46 being journaled in the hanger rod eyes 450.

Air from the atmosphere is supplied to the lower open end or inlet opening 39a of conduit 39, (which inlet opening is at the room-side of the exhaust pipe) by a pipe 50 spaced concentricaliy about the exhaust pipe and conduit, and open at its upper end to the atmosphere through space 51 between the pipe and the bottom of the stack. Pipe 50 being projected within the stack to the extent shown, no opportunity is given for rain or snow to gain access to the pipe and thus enter the air jacket. Pipe 50 preferably extends substantially to the point or connection of the exhaust pipe with the engine in order that the exhaust pipe may be jacketed and air cooled through its full length. The lower end of pipe 50 is closed about the exhaust pipe, a space being provided at 53 through which air passing down through the outer pipe may enter the conduit 39.

In operation, gases discharged upwardly through the exhaust pipe are partially deflected by the conical baille 21 out through the pipe apertures 20, a comparatively small proportion of gases, however, continuing straight through the baflle opening 55. In being directed out through the apertures 20, the gases strike the sound insulating liner 28, resulting in a deadening of the explosion sounds. A further deadening effect is produced by the bathing action of member 21. The gases, after passing the apertures 20, are released into the comparatively larger volume mumer chamber 26, with resultant retardation in the rate of flow of the gases and consequent muffling oi the explosion sounds. Bound or explosive pulsations are transmitted to liner 28 and because 0! the physical character of the liner, are largely absorbed.

From chamber 28, the gases flow upwardly into pipe 23 through the opening at 56 and the pipe apertures 24, the constriction oilered the gas stream in being required to pass through these openings resulting in additional silencing oi the explosion sounds. Aiter leaving the pipe 27, the gases are injected through the upper throat of the stack at 57 at such velocity as to cause air to be drawn up through the annular e 38 between the nozzle and the stack. At the outlet of pipe 37, there is a commingling o! the exhaust gases and muilier cooling air which, by virtue of the turbulence set up and cooling of the exhaust gases by admixture with the air, produces final muiiiing effect.

The up-drait 01 air in space 38 caused by the high velocity discharge of exhaust gases at 57, causes cool air from the atmosphere to be drawn through space 51 into pipe 50, and to flow down through the latter into the lower end of conduit 39. The cool air then flows upwardly around the exhaust pipe, out-through conduit outlet 39b and then upwardly along the muilier to eiiect a substantial cooling of the exhaust gases. Cooling 0! the exhaust gases results in a substantial decrease in volume, and decrease in volume brings about muiiiing eiiect oi the explosion sounds, in addition to the sound deadening effects produced in the muilier, as previously described.

The muiiler illustrated in Fig, 2 is similar to that previously described with reference to Fig. 1, except that it is especially adapted for installation without the air cooling jacket. Here the mufller shell 17 is merely exposed to the surrounding atmosphere, and the exhaust gases, instead of being discharged into a surrounding stack, pass through a stack pipe 58 forming a continuation of the upper aperture pipe 23.

The construction shown in Fig. 3 also is generally similar to that of Fig. 1, as regards the muiiler and stack construction and arrangement. The attachment of the exhaust pipe with the lower end of the muilier is somewhat modified, from that shown in Fig. 1, in view of the installation being specially designed for connection with a horizontal run of exhaust pipe leading from the engine room. A similar installation is illustrated in my copending application referred to hereinabove.

In Fig. 3, the stack rests on a concrete trench 63 within which the exhaust pipe 64, see Fig. 4, extends horizontally. The trench may be enclosed so as to provide a duct 80 surrounding the exhaust pipe, through which air may be drawn into the space 65 between the stack and muilier, and finally discharged at the top with the exhaust gases. Attached to the bottom of the muiiler is a shell 66 having a bottom closure 67, the shell being spaced at 68 from the end wall of the trench. This bottom shell contains a tubular liner 69, similar to the previously described liner 28 of sound insulating material, the liner being spaced at 70 from the interior of the shell. Exhaust pipe 64 leads substantially tangentially into the shell 66, as shown in Fig. 4, a battle '11 being placed at the exhaust pipe outlet to cause the gases to flow in a circularly rising path within the shell. The gases then rise through apertured pipe '12 leading through the bottom closure oi the muffler and thence pass up through the muiiler into the stack in the manner previously described with reference to Fig. 1.

As temperature changes inthe exhaust pipe 64 results in itslongitudinal expansion or contraction, lateral movement of the muiller and bottom shell assembly is permitted by the muiiler being able to swing on the trunnions 46. This ieature is also shown in my early application and is broadly claimed therein.

I claim:

1. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending through the wall of a room and connected with an engine therein, a conduit surrounding a portion of the exhaust pipe within said room, said conduit having an inlet opening at the room side of said wall and an outlet opening at the opposite side of said wall, means for creating a ilow oi air through said conduit, from inlet to outlet, and means for supplying air to the inlet 0! the conduit from the exterior of the room.

2. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending through the wall of a room and connected with an engine therein, a conduit surrounding a portion of the exhaust pipe within said room, means for ceating a flow of air through said conduit, and a pipe communicating with and supplying air to said conduit from the exterior oi the room, said pipe extending through said wall.

3. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending through the wall of a room and connected with an engine therein, a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through said wall, and means for creating a flow or air from the exterior of the room through said conduit in the direction 0! exhaust-gas-flow through the exhaust pipe and along a portion of the exhaust pipe within the room.

4, The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending through the wall of a room and connected with an engine therein, a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through said wall, and means for creating a flow of air by the discharge of gases through said exhaust pipe, from the exterior of the room through said conduit in the direction of exhaust-gas-flow through the exhaust pipe and along a portion or the exhaust pipe within the room.

5. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending through the wall of a room and connected with an engine therein, a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through said wall, a pipe surrounding said conduit and extending through said wall, one end of the pipe opening to the atmosphere and the other end connecting with said conduit at a point within the room, and means whereby a flow oi air from the atmosphere is created by the discharge of gases through said exhaust pipe. through said conduit surrounding pipe into the conduit, and then through the conduit along the exhaust pipe.

6. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending upwardly through the root of a no room and connected to an engine therein, a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through the root, said exhaust pipe discharging into said conduit, a pipe surrounding said conduit and passing through the root, the upper end of the pipe opening to the atmosphere and the lower end being in air communication with said conduit below the roof, air from the atmosphere being drawn downwardly through said pipe into the conduit, and then passed upwardly around said conduit below the roof and at substantially the point of connection of the exhaust pipe with the engine, air from the atmosphere being drawn downwardly through said pipe into the conduit and then passed upwardly around the exhaust pipe to be discharged with exhaust gases, to the atmosphere.

8. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending upwardly through the root or a room and connected to an engine therein, a vertically extending stack and a muiiler within said stack and connected to the exhaust pipe, and a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through the root to connect with said stack, there being a continuous space for passing air between said conduit and exhaust pipe and between the stack and muiiier.

9. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending upwardly through the root of a room and connected to an engine therein, a vertically extending stack and a muiiler within said stack and connected to the exhaust pipe, a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through the roof to connect with said stack, there being a continuous space for passing air between said conduit and exhaust pipe and between the stack and muiiler, and means for supplying air from the exterior of said room to said conduit at its lower end.

10. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending upwardly through the root of a room and connected to an engine therein, a vertically extending stack and muiiier within said stack and connected to the exhaust pipe, a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through the root to connect with said stack, there being a continuous space for passing air between said conduit and exhaust pipe and between the stack and munier, and a pipe surrounding said conduit and extending through the root, said pipe being open to the atmosphere at its upper end and being in air communication at its lower end with said conduit.

11. The combination comprising, an exhaust pipe extending upwardly through the root of a room and connected to an engine therein, a vertically extending stack and muiiier within said stack and connected to the exhaust pipe, a conduit surrounding said exhaust pipe and extending through the roof to connect with said stack, the lower end of said conduit extending to substantially the point of connection of said exhaust pipe with the engine, there being a continuous space for passing air between said conduit and exhaust pipe and between the stack and mumer, and a pipe surrounding said conduit and extending through the root, said pipe being open to the atmosphere at its upper end and being in air communication at its lower end with said conduit.

JOHN S. FLUOR, Ja. 

